The history of Drum spans over 60 years, the publication was founded during a time of major political and social changes that ensured that the country remained segregated and enforced rules by those in power. In 1951, the first edition of Drum magazine was released with the title of The African Drum- a Magazine for Africa by Africa first appeared in March. Before the founder Jim Bailey and editor Bob Crisp were facing financial problems because of the lack of appeal from the black readers, the sales for the magazine were low and the readers who reside in the townships could not implement the agricultural tips suggested. Bailey implemented a few changes in the management as well as the content which mainly concerned articles that relate to the ecology and agriculture as well as documenting music from the African tribal genre. Bailey realised that there is an emerging evolution of urbanisation that was being formed in many of the black communities that needed to be documented. A shift in strategy aimed at winning more readers saw increasing numbers of black male journalist and photographers being hired (Clowes 2008:180).
The editor team was changed to include journalist such as Henry Nxumalo and Anthony Sampson worked together to revamp the design, aesthetics and content to fit in with the demands of the market. One of the changes that followed the magazine was to emulate an American culture, which was seen as being more contemporary, the decision was in support of the African advisory board to assist with the transition. In the initial years the publication was only in circulation in South Africa, where the major focus was on Johannesburg, and then moved to include covering the rest of the African continent. In an effort to depict the true realities of African lives, the publication faced clashes with the state as it enforced “efforts to censor the press escalated from the middle of the 1950s and in 1956 for instance ( Clowes 2008:181). Between the years 1965 and 1968 the publication faced major troubles as it was banned by the state. Drum magazine is still in monthly circulation today, but the direction has completely changed from being political driven as “powerful shapers of public opinion” to that of publication that embrace tabloid stories.
- 12016-09-21T05:47:35-07:00Tshepo Mashimbyief84287922703634506ffefa0de6a6c77f9bb9e5IntroductionTshepo Mashimbyi9An overview of the project, reasons behind the concept as well as the content included in the project pvisconnections3244912017-01-14T16:21:44-08:00Tshepo Mashimbyief84287922703634506ffefa0de6a6c77f9bb9e5
- 12016-10-13T06:35:33-07:00Tshepo Mashimbyief84287922703634506ffefa0de6a6c77f9bb9e5Black identity and Drum magazine influnce on the societyTshepo Mashimbyi7A content analyses of Drum magazince covers and its influence it had the Black identity constructionimage_header3244902016-10-15T07:14:45-07:00TshepoTshepo Mashimbyief84287922703634506ffefa0de6a6c77f9bb9e5
- 1media/march 1956.jpg2016-09-21T05:58:07-07:00Tshepo Mashimbyief84287922703634506ffefa0de6a6c77f9bb9e5Politics of HairTshepo Mashimbyi9considers how black women in particular are influnced when it comes to hairstyles. the magzines protrays hair in a certain which is influnced by globalisation throughout the erasvisradial3244932017-01-16T07:02:06-08:00Tshepo Mashimbyief84287922703634506ffefa0de6a6c77f9bb9e5
- 12016-10-03T04:31:58-07:00Tshepo Mashimbyief84287922703634506ffefa0de6a6c77f9bb9e5list of sourcesTshepo Mashimbyi6Detail list of the sources consultedvisindex3310622016-10-14T04:56:00-07:00Tshepo Mashimbyief84287922703634506ffefa0de6a6c77f9bb9e5
- 12016-09-21T06:10:06-07:00Tshepo Mashimbyief84287922703634506ffefa0de6a6c77f9bb9e5ConclusionTshepo Mashimbyi5A wrap up of what was discussed as well as a comment on the present reprsentation of women on the covers of Drum magazinevisconnections3277632016-10-14T05:37:35-07:00Tshepo Mashimbyief84287922703634506ffefa0de6a6c77f9bb9e5
- 12016-10-03T02:39:36-07:00Tshepo Mashimbyief84287922703634506ffefa0de6a6c77f9bb9e5Drum Magazine Cover analysis12Detail anaylsis of magazine covers which fisrt appaeared in the 1950s. these covers provide the basis for for my aurgment which relates to gender represenatation which subsequently influnced the black community as well as shapes the way how one view women in that period.visconnections3244922017-01-16T06:47:38-08:00Tshepo Mashimbyief84287922703634506ffefa0de6a6c77f9bb9e5
- 1media/march 1956.jpg2016-09-21T05:58:07-07:00Tshepo Mashimbyief84287922703634506ffefa0de6a6c77f9bb9e5Politics of Hair9considers how black women in particular are influnced when it comes to hairstyles. the magzines protrays hair in a certain which is influnced by globalisation throughout the erasvisradial3244932017-01-16T07:02:06-08:00Tshepo Mashimbyief84287922703634506ffefa0de6a6c77f9bb9e5
- 12016-10-03T04:31:58-07:00Tshepo Mashimbyief84287922703634506ffefa0de6a6c77f9bb9e5list of sources6Detail list of the sources consultedvisindex3310622016-10-14T04:56:00-07:00Tshepo Mashimbyief84287922703634506ffefa0de6a6c77f9bb9e5
- 12016-10-13T06:35:33-07:00Tshepo Mashimbyief84287922703634506ffefa0de6a6c77f9bb9e5Black identity and Drum magazine influnce on the societyTshepo Mashimbyi7A content analyses of Drum magazince covers and its influence it had the Black identity constructionimage_header3244902016-10-15T07:14:45-07:00TshepoThis books aims to celebrate the legacy Drum magazine has created in the History of South African publication industry.Drum magazine has played a huge role in documenting Black lives in the townships and also journalism. The magazine included articles that relates to the black community ,whether it is the harsh reality of the Apartheid era or celebrating black excellence, inspiring hope to new upcoming black journalist, Drum documented all stories which subsequently impacted the black identity. Female representation on the magazine covers during the 1950s is one crucial element to how society viewed women.Women were depicted for their physical appearance rather then highlighting their intellectual capabilities compared to their male counterparts. the issue of black hair is a major issue as hair styles displayed in their media might be in conflict with ones own ethnic identity. The publication has continued to evolve in the 21st century, as it changed to celebrating tabloid culture compared to the how previously it related their articles to documenting the harsh reality of life during the apartheid era. This book will discuss these issues in detail by discussing the origins of the publication , the analyses of Drum magazine covers and politics of black hair .key authors such as Clowes and Vanessa king will be used to apply their knowledge and elaborate the topics further.Tshepo Mashimbyief84287922703634506ffefa0de6a6c77f9bb9e5
- 12016-10-05T02:56:36-07:00drum cover1media/march 1956.jpgplain2016-10-05T02:56:36-07:00Drum CoversDrum Covers/Africa Media OnlineDM2000072110:SAED:MAR1956 - Drum Cover ( Baileys Archives)South AfricaAfricacovermagazinesDrumverticalcolour imagepublication1950s1956No Model Release / No Property Release
- 12016-12-10T22:01:04-08:00mshoza1post aparthied drum mgagzine that depicts tabloid celbrity culturemshoza.jpgplain2016-12-10T22:01:04-08:00
- 12016-12-17T14:22:39-08:00steve biko1drum-steve-biko.jpgplain2016-12-17T14:22:40-08:00