Growth Chart training resources. (2024)

The growth patterns of breastfed and formula-fed infants are different. For example,

  • Healthy breastfed infants typically put on weight more slowly than formula-fed infants in the first year of life.1-2
  • Formula-fed infants typically gain weight more quickly after about 3 months of age.
  • Differences in weight patterns continue even after complimentary foods are introduced.1

Linear growth generally follows a similar pattern for both breastfed and formula-fed infants.

Growth Chart training resources. (1)

WHO Growth Standards

The WHO growth standard charts consider the effect of infant feeding on growth by using breastfeeding as the norm.

When the WHO growth curves were created, the differences in growth patterns of breastfed and formula-fed infants were considered.3

  • A healthy breastfed infant is the standard against which all other infants are compared.
  • All infants in the WHO sample were breastfed at least until aged 12 months and predominantly breastfed for at least 4 months.
  • Complementary foods were introduced at the mean age of 5.4 months.

The breastfed infant is the reference or normative model against which alternative feeding methods are measured with regard to growth, healthy development, and all other short-term and long-term outcomes.4

This is consistent with U.S. dietary reference intakes, in which norms for infant intakes of most nutrients are determined on the basis of the composition of human milk and the average volume of human milk intake.5

CDC Growth Reference

CDC growth reference charts were developed to represent all infants in the United States. Feeding criteria were not identified.

The CDC growth reference charts are based on primarily formula-fed infants.

  • Only about 50% of U.S. infants measured to create the CDC growth reference charts were ever breastfed.
  • By age 3 months, only 33% of U.S. infants were breastfed.

In the United States most infants start to breastfeed.6

As a result, the CDC growth charts may not adequately reflect the current growth patterns of infants in the United States. They also do not reflect the growth pattern typically seen in breastfed infants.

References

1Dewey KG. Growth characteristics of breast-fed compared to formula-fed infants. Biol Neonate. 1998;74(2):94-105.

2Dewey KG. Growth patterns of breastfed infants and the current status of growth charts for infants. J Hum Lact. 1998;14(2):89-92.

3de Onis M, Garza C, Vicotra CG, Onyango AW, Frongillo EA, Martines J; for the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. The WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study: planning, study design, and methodology. Food Nutr Bull. 2004;25(suppl 1):S15-S26.

4American Academy of Pediatrics. Policy Statement. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 2012:129(3):e827-e841.

5Otten JJ, Hellwig JP, Meyers LD, eds. Dietary Reference Intake: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2006.

6Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Breastfeeding Report Cards.

Growth Chart training resources. (2024)

FAQs

How do you fill a growth monitoring chart? ›

This is for recording the weight of the child from birth onwards and is called 'weight axis”. The horizontal lines from bottom to top of the growth chart reflect the weights from 0 to 21 kg at 100 gm interval. The vertical lines from left to right of the chart reflect age from 0 to 5 years at one month interval.

What growth percentile is concerning? ›

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends cutoff values of +2 standard deviations, which correspond to the 2.3rd and 97.7th percentiles, to define abnormal growth.

How accurate are growth charts? ›

In routine clinical practice, height is assessed by using normative data based on growth charts and operationalized through percentiles. However, the cross-sectional nature of existing growth curves causes low accuracy in the prediction of final height, particularly during puberty.

What is the best method to study growth? ›

The most commonly employed methods by researchers to obtain age and sex specific growth data are either cross-sectional or longitudinal. Both types of methods are required for a full understanding of the growth processes.

What are the disadvantages of growth charts? ›

Growth and size are not equivalent. Whether or not the individual is growing normally is more complicated and not part of the information content that a growth chart aims to provide. This is not always appreciated by the manner in which growth charts are employed.

How do you format a growth plan? ›

Creating a Growth Plan in Five Steps
  1. Set Specific, Measurable Goals. Begin with clear, measurable objectives. ...
  2. Conduct Thorough Market Research. Understand your market, audience, and competition. ...
  3. Evaluate Your Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) ...
  4. Develop Strategic Initiatives. ...
  5. Execute and Adapt the Plan.
Jan 22, 2024

What is the best indicator of growth monitoring? ›

Height or length is the best method of measuring linear growth (stature) as it reflects growth over a longer period than does weight. Measuring height is therefore particularly important in older children. Head circumference can be used to assess brain growth in children under 36 months of age.

What causes a child not to grow in height? ›

Gastrointestinal diseases that impair nutrition, such as inflammatory bowel disease and celiac can affect growth, can also be a cause. Many other conditions can also delay the growth rate, including hypothyroidism, heart disease, kidney disease, immunological disease and several other endocrine disorders.

What percentile is unhealthy? ›

Below the 3rd percentile is at risk for underweight. In the 3rd percentile to below the 85th percentile is at a healthy weight. In the 85th percentile to the 97th percentile is at risk for overweight. Above the 97th percentile to the 99.9th percentile is overweight.

How to plot on a growth chart? ›

To plot length/height-for-age: Find the child's age in completed weeks, months, or years and months on the x-axis (e.g., a child 5.5 months of age would be 5 completed months). A vertical line will extend from the child's completed age. Find the child's length/height on the y-axis.

Do kids always follow growth charts? ›

Children's height and weight usually, though not always, follow a given percentile from birth to adulthood. During the first two to three years of life, it is not uncommon to see a child's growth deviate from its previous percentile, either upward or downward.

Which growth chart is best? ›

CDC recommends that the BMI-for-age charts be used to screen for underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obesity in all children and teens.

What is considered normal on a growth chart? ›

What is Normal Growth for a Child?
AgeHeight Females in InchesHeight Males in Inches
127 to 3128 to 32
231.5 to 3632 to 37
334.5 to 4035.5 to 40.5
437 to 42.537.5 to 43
7 more rows

How do you analyze growth? ›

Growth rates are computed by dividing the difference between the ending and starting values for the period being analyzed and dividing that by the starting value. Time periods used for growth rates are most often annually, quarterly, monthly, and weekly.

What is a simple explanation of growth charts? ›

Why Do Doctors Use Growth Charts? Growth charts are a standard part of your child's checkups. They show how kids are growing compared with other kids of the same age and gender. They also show the pattern of kids' height and weight gain over time, and whether they're growing proportionately.

How do you measure growth effectively? ›

How to calculate growth rate in 4 simple steps
  1. Pick a metric. We just went through different metrics you can track—revenue, market share, and user growth rate. ...
  2. Find a starting value over a given time period. ...
  3. Find an end value over a second time period. ...
  4. Apply the growth rate formula.

How to read a pregnancy growth chart? ›

If the fetal weight estimate is below the bottom 10 per cent line on the graph, it is considered to be small for gestational age (SGA). If the fetal weight is above the top 10 per cent line on the graph, it is considered to be large for gestational age (LGA).

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